1. National Snapshot
The packet includes 1,693 children. A confirmed visual impairment diagnosis was reported for 1,527 children, or 90.2%. Visual impairment services were reported for 1,687 children, or 99.6%. APH blindness information was reported for 1,674 children, with 615, or 36.7%, identified in that category.
| Measure | Result |
|---|---|
| Children included | 1,693 |
| Confirmed VI diagnosis | 90.2% (1,527 of 1,693) |
| Receiving VI services | 99.6% (1,687 of 1,693) |
| APH Blindness | 36.7% (615 of 1,674) |
Age at Enrollment
Most children were enrolled during the first two years of life. Fifty-six percent were enrolled at 0–12 months, and 30% at 13–24 months.
| Age | Percentage |
|---|---|
| 0–12 months | 56% |
| 13–24 months | 30% |
| 25–36 months | 13% |
| 37+ months | 1% |
Functional Vision
Thirty-seven percent met or functioned at the definition of blindness, 36% had low vision, and 28% had normal or near-normal visual functioning.
| Functional vision category | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Meets/functions at definition of blindness | 37% |
| Low vision | 36% |
| Normal or near-normal visual functioning | 28% |
Top Eye Diagnoses
The most frequently reported eye diagnoses were CVI, eye movement disorder, and nystagmus. A child may have more than one eye diagnosis.
| Eye diagnosis | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) | 34% |
| Eye movement disorder | 24% |
| Nystagmus | 22% |
| Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) | 10% |
| Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | 8% |
Other Medical Conditions
Neurological conditions, feeding problems, and other medical conditions were the most frequently reported categories. Categories may overlap.
| Condition | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Neurological | 38% |
| Feeding problems | 34% |
| Other medical condition | 20% |
| Respiratory problems | 17% |
| Orthopedic impairment | 14% |
Child Profile
The packet reports preterm birth for 42%, multiple birth for 8%, additional medical conditions for 73%, and developmental needs flagged for 86%.
| Child characteristic | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Preterm birth | 42% |
| Multiple birth | 8% |
| Additional medical conditions | 73% |
| Developmental needs flagged | 86% |
Provider Profile
Most children were served by a teacher of students with visual impairments (TVI).
| Provider type | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Served by TVI | 91% |
| Orientation and mobility specialist | 12% |
| Deaf/blind specialist | 2% |
| Agency-trained provider | 6% |
2. Characteristics
The characteristics section reports 1,693 children included, 90.2% diagnosed with visual impairment, 72.8% with another medical condition, and 3,115 total eye-condition entries.
| Measure | Result |
|---|---|
| Children included | 1,693 |
| Diagnosed | 90.2% (1,527 of 1,693) |
| Other medical condition | 72.8% (1,233 of 1,693) |
| Total eye-condition entries | 3,115 |
Top 10 Primary Diagnoses
| Rank | Primary diagnosis | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | CVI | 34% |
| 2 | Eye movement disorder | 24% |
| 3 | Nystagmus | 22% |
| 4 | ONH | 10% |
| 5 | ROP | 8% |
| 6 | DVM | 6% |
| 7 | Optic atrophy | 5% |
| 8 | Retinal disorder | 5% |
| 9 | Coloboma | 4% |
| 10 | Micro/anophthalmia | 3% |
Top Secondary Diagnoses
The reported secondary diagnoses included strabismus, refractive errors, and amblyopia.
| Secondary diagnosis | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Strabismus | 20% |
| Refractive errors | 17% |
| Amblyopia | 8% |
Ethnicity
The packet reports the following ethnicity categories. Percentages may not total exactly 100% because of rounding and reporting conventions.
| Ethnicity | Percentage |
|---|---|
| White | 63% |
| Black/African American | 11% |
| Asian | 6% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 23% |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2% |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1% |
| Middle Eastern/North African | 2% |
| Unknown/not reported | 2% |
| Declined | 2% |
Quick Highlights
The packet identifies CVI as the top diagnosis, reports that 91% were served by a licensed TVI, 34% had a feeding issue, 76% had motor delay, and lists 151 deaf/blind students.
| Highlight | Result |
|---|---|
| Top diagnosis | CVI — 34% |
| Children served by licensed TVI | 91% |
| Children with feeding issue | 34% |
| Children with motor delay | 76% |
| Deaf/blind students | 151 |
3. Timelines
The average age at diagnosis was 9.1 months, average age at referral was 12.8 months, and average age at enrollment was 13.6 months. Non-accidental trauma was reported for 4.1% of children.
| Timeline measure | Result |
|---|---|
| Average age at diagnosis | 9.1 months (N=1,409) |
| Average age at referral | 12.8 months (N=1,646) |
| Average age at enrollment | 13.6 months (N=1,662) |
| Non-accidental trauma | 4.1% (70 of 1,693) |
Diagnosis to Referral
Thirty-one percent occurred within 0–30 days, 16% within 31–60 days, 8% within 61–90 days, and 46% after 91 days or more.
| Interval | Percentage |
|---|---|
| 0–30 days | 31% |
| 31–60 days | 16% |
| 61–90 days | 8% |
| 91+ days | 46% |
Referral to Services
Sixty-nine percent occurred within 0–30 days, 19% within 31–60 days, 6% within 61–90 days, and 5% after 91 days or more.
| Interval | Percentage |
|---|---|
| 0–30 days | 69% |
| 31–60 days | 19% |
| 61–90 days | 6% |
| 91+ days | 5% |
Specialized VI Services After Transition
The packet reports that 71.0% received specialized visual impairment services after transition, based on 434 of 611 children.
| Measure | Result |
|---|---|
| Specialized VI services after transition | 71.0% (434 of 611) |
Program Type Child Will Attend
For the 611 children represented in this section, the most frequently reported intended program type was a public school special education preschool classroom, at 51.6%.
| Program type | Percentage | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Community preschool classroom, including Head Start | 7.2% | 44 |
| Child care setting | 2.9% | 18 |
| Public school special education preschool classroom | 51.6% | 315 |
| Day-school/preschool for students with VI in specialized VI program | 6.4% | 39 |
| Home-based special education services | 3.3% | 20 |
| Home school | 2.9% | 18 |
| Unknown/not reported | 11.5% | 70 |
4. Notes on Interpretation
Some children may have more than one eye diagnosis, medical condition, ethnicity, and/or provider. Several survey questions were unanswered, and respondent counts vary. Percentages should be interpreted using the denominator shown for each measure.
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